V50-112
Two-Channel Tube Guitar Amplifier
with Reverb
Owner’s Manual
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ..........................................................................3
The Front Panel ....................................................................4
The Rear Panel .....................................................................5
Important Information About Tubes and Tube Products ............6
A Brief History of Tubes ..................................................6
Tube Types and Usage....................................................6
The Nature of Tubes: Why (and When) to Replace Them ....7
The Importance of Proper Biasing....................................8
Survival Tips for Tube Amplifiers......................................9
Suggested Settings.............................................................10
System Block Diagram........................................................11
Technical Specifications.......................................................12
Service Information.............................................................12
CAUTION
PRECAUCION
ATTENTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
RIESGO DE CORRIENTAZO
NO ABRA
RISQUE D'ELECTROCUTION
NE PAS OUVRIR
WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC
SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN OR
MOISTURE. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO
NOT REMOVE COVER. NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
PRECAUCION: PARA REDUCIR EL RIESGO DE INCENDIOS
O
DESCARGAS
LA
ATTENTION: PROTÉGEZ CET APPAREIL DE LA PLUIE ET DE L'HUMIDITÉ
AFIN D'ÉVITER TOUT RISQUE D'INCENDIE OU D'ÉLECTROCUTION. POUR
REDUIRE D'ELECTROCUTION NE PAS ENLEVER LE COUVERCLE. AUCUNE
PIECE INTERNE N'EST REPRABLE PAR L'UTILISATEUR. POUR TOUTE
REPARATION, S'ADRESSER A UN TECHNICIEN QUALIFIE.
ELECTRICAS, NO PERMITA QUE ESTE APARATO QUEDE EXPUESTO
A
LLUVIA
O
LA HUMEDAD. PARA DISMINUOIR EL RIESGO DE CORRIENTAZO.
NO ABRA LA CUBIERTA. NO HAY PIEZAS ADENTRO QUE EL USARIO PUEDO
REPARAR DEJE TODO MANTENIMIENTO A LOS TECHNICOS CALIFICADOS.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
•
•
READ, FOLLOW, HEED, AND KEEP ALL INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS.
DO NOT OPERATE NEAR ANY HEAT SOURCE AND DO NOT BLOCK ANY VENTILATION OPENINGS ON THIS APPARATUS. FOR
PROPER OPERATION, THIS UNIT REQUIRES 3” (75mm) OF WELL VENTILATED SPACE AROUND HEATSINKS AND OTHER AIR
FLOW PROVISIONS IN THE CABINET.
•
•
•
DO NOT USE THIS APPARATUS NEAR SPLASHING, FALLING, SPRAYING, OR STANDING LIQUIDS.
CLEAN ONLY WITH LINT-FREE DAMP CLOTH AND DO NOT USE CLEANING AGENTS.
ONLY CONNECT POWER CORD TO A POLARIZED, SAFETY GROUNDED OUTLET WIRED TO CURRENT ELECTRICAL CODES AND
COMPATIBLE WITH VOLTAGE, POWER, AND FREQUENCY REQUIREMENTS STATED ON THE REAR PANEL OF THE APPARATUS.
•
•
•
PROTECT THE POWER CORD FROM DAMAGE DUE TO BEING WALKED ON, PINCHED, OR STRAINED.
UNPLUG THE APPARATUS DURING LIGHTNING STORMS OR WHEN UNUSED FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
ONLY USE ATTACHMENTS, ACCESSORIES, STANDS, OR BRACKETS SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER FOR SAFE
OPERATION AND TO AVOID INJURY.
•
•
•
WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK OR FIRE, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS UNIT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
SERVICE MUST BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
OUR AMPLIFIERS ARE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HIGH SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS. CONTINUED EXPOSURE TO HIGH SOUND
PRESSURE LEVELS CAN CAUSE PERMANENT HEARING IMPAIRMENT OR LOSS. USER CAUTION IS ADVISED AND EAR
PROTECTION IS RECOMMENDED IF UNIT IS OPERATED AT HIGH VOLUME.
• WARNING: THIS UNIT REQUIRES A SAFETY GROUNDED OUTLET WIRED TO CURRENT ELECTRIC CODES HAVING THE
LINE SUPPLY VOLTAGE, POWER, AND FREQUENCY IDENTIFIED ON THE REAR OF THE UNIT. THE OUTLET MUST REMAIN
ACCESSIBLE TO DISCONNECT THE UNIT IF A FAULT SHOULD ARISE WHILE IN USE. THIS UNIT SHOULD BE UNPLUGGED WHEN
NOT IN USE.
EXPLANATION OF GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS:
EXPLICACION DE SIMBOLOS GRAFICOS:
EXPLICATION DES SYMBÔLES GRAPHIQUES:
"IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE USER TO REFER TO THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL"
“ES NECESARIO QUE EL USUARIO SE REFIERA AL MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES.”
"REFERREZ-VOUS AU MANUAL D'UTILISATION"
"DANGEROUS VOLTAGE"
“VOLTAJE PELIGROSO”
"DANGER HAUTE TENSION"
=
=
2
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
Introduction
Congratulations! You are now the proud owner of a Crate V50-112 tube guitar amplifier. This
combo amplifier packs a whole lot of vintage tube sound and classic spring reverb into its
compact cabinet, providing you with an amp that is portable and easy to operate, yet still pro-
duces incredible sounds!
The V-Series amps offer the versatility required for many different musical styles, and have
the unique tonal purity of a hot-rodded tube amp. The V50-112 is a dual-channel amplifier with
channel switching between clean and overdrive sounds, treble/mid/bass tone controls, global
boost and presence controls, and an internal spring reverb. It cranks out 50 watts of power
from a pair of 6L6GC tubes into a single 12" speaker.
Like all Crate products, your V50-112 amplifier is designed by musicians and built using only
the best components. Each amplifier is tested to confirm that it meets our specifications, and
we believe that this amplifier is the absolute best that it can be.
In order to get the most out of your new amplifier, please read this manual before you begin
playing.
And thank you for choosing Crate.
Here are some of the features packed into your new V50-112 Combo Amplifier:
• Two 6L6GC power vacuum tubes for smooth overdrive sound
• 50 watts rms power output
• 1 x 12" speaker
• Extension speaker output for adding additional speakers
• Two-channel operation (Clean and Overdrive)
• 3-band shared EQ
• Boost switch for increased midrange
• Proprietary Presence switch adds punch to the output
• Reverb control
• Effects loop
• 2-Function footswitch option for remotely selecting Channel and Boost
3
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
The Front Panel
V O L U M E
G A I N
L E V E L
T R E B L E
M I D D L E
B A S S
R E V E R B
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
4
6
O N
O N
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
7
9
7
9
7
9
7
9
7
9
7
9
7
9
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
I N P U T
0
10
C H A N N E L
0
10
B O O S T
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
0
10
S TA N D B Y
P O W E R
P R E S E N C E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
10. PRESENCE: Use this to adjust the over-
all brightness and punch of the output
signal.
1. INPUT: Use this jack to connect your
guitar to the amplifier using a shielded
instrument cable.
11. REVERB: Use this to adjust the amount
of reverb for the selected channel. Fully
counter-clockwise is “dry” (no reverb).
Rotate clockwise to increase the
amount of reverb.
2. VOLUME: Use this to adjust the output
level of the Clean Channel.
3. CHANNEL Select: Depress this switch
to activate the Overdrive channel. The
Clean channel is active when the switch
is in the out position.
12. LAMP: This illuminates when the ampli-
fier is turned on.
4. GAIN: Use this to adjust the gain for
the Overdrive channel. With the control
turned counter-clockwise, the gain is
low and very little distortion is present.
As you rotate it clockwise, the gain
increases, producing more overdrive
distortion, and a higher output volume
level.
13. ON/STANDBY Switch: Use this switch
to activate the amplifier after the On/Off
switch (14) is turned on.
Always turn this switch OFF first, and
ON last! Turn the On/Off switch (14) on
at least 30 seconds before turning on
the standby switch.
5. BOOST: Push this switch in to boost the
output by 10 dB at 900 Hz. This adds
more punch to the midrange frequen-
cies.
During short breaks, you should turn
this switch off, and leave the On/Off
switch on. This will help prolong the life
of the amplifier tubes.
6. LEVEL: Use this to adjust the output
14. ON/OFF SWITCH: Use this switch to
level of the Overdrive channel.
turn the amplifier on and off.
7. TREBLE: Use this to adjust the output
Always turn this switch ON first and OFF
last! Turn the Standby switch (13) on at
least 30 seconds after turning on the
On/Off switch.
level of the high frequencies of the
selected channel. The adjustment range
is 12 dB at 6 kHz.
8. MIDDLE: Use this to adjust the output
level of the mid frequencies of the
selected channel. The adjustment range
is 10 dB at 1 kHz.
9. BASS: Use this to adjust the output
level of the low frequencies of the
selected channel. The adjustment range
is 8 dB at 150 Hz.
4
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
The Rear Panel
D E S I G N E D I N S T. L O U I S M O , U S A . M A N U FA C T U R E D I N C H I N A , FA B R I Q U E E N C H I N E
2 0 0 7 L O U D T E C H N O L O G I E S I N C
c
F O O T S W I T C H
E F F E C T
S E N D
E F F E C T
R E T U R N
E X T E N S I O N
S P E A K E R
S P E A K E R
8Ohms
R E V E R B
IN OUT
15
16
~120-240VAC
50-60 Hz
WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT
EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. DO NOT REMOVE COVER. NO
USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
N222
AVIS: RISQUE DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE
—
NE PAS OUVRIR
C
US
3031613
CONFORMS TO
IEC 60065
SERIAL NUMBER
MANUFACTURING DATE
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation
is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
17
18
19
20
21
22 23
15. AC LINE CORD: The grounded power
cord should only be plugged into a
grounded power outlet that meets
19. EFFECT RETURN: Use this 1/4" TS
jack to return the signal from an exter-
nal effects box.
all applicable electrical codes, and is
compatible with the voltage, power, and
frequency requirements stated on the
V50-112 rear panel. Do not attempt to
defeat the safety ground connection.
A Closer Look: The Effect Send and
Effect Return create an Effect Loop,
where the guitar signal is sent out to
an external effects box (like a digital
delay), and the processed signal is
returned to the amplifier.
16. Voltage Select Switch: Set this switch
to “115” for 120 VAC mains, and to
“230” for 220-240 VAC mains.
Note: The Effect Return jack discon-
nects the signal from the preamplifier
stage of the V50-112, so only the sig-
nal at the Effect Return jack is sent on
to the power amplifier.
With the amplifier power cord
unplugged, use the tip of a small flat-
blade screwdriver to slide this switch to
the proper position.
20. EXTENSION SPEAKER: Use this 1/4"
TS jack to connect the amplifier to an
8 ohm extension speaker. The internal
speaker remains active when an exten-
sion speaker is connected.
17. FOOTSWITCH Jack: Use this 1/4"
TRS jack to connect the cable of the
optional VSFS-2 footswitch. This allows
for remote control of channel switch-
ing and the boost effect (Tip = channel
select, Ring = boost on/off).
21. SPEAKER 8 OHMS: The V50-112 is
shipped with a cable connected from
this jack to the internal speaker.
18. EFFECT SEND: Use this 1/4" TS jack
to send the signal to an external effects
box.
22. REVERB IN Jack: The V50-112 is
shipped with a cable connected from
this jack to the input of the internal
spring reverb.
Note: The Effect Send jack can be
used as a line-level output from the
preamplifier stage of the V50-112 to
a mixer or recorder. The signal comes
after the EQ stage but before the
reverb stage.
22. REVERB OUT Jack: The V50-112 is
shipped with a cable connected from
this jack to the output of the internal
spring reverb.
5
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
Important Information about Tubes and Tube Products:
A Brief History Of The Tube:
In 1883, Edison discovered that electrons would flow from a suspended filament when
enclosed in an evacuated lamp. Years later, in 1905, Fleming expanded on Edison’s discovery
and created the “Fleming Valve.” Then, in 1907, Dr. Lee de Forest added a third component
– the grid – to the “Fleming Valve” and the vacuum tube was a fact of life. The door to elec-
tronic amplification was now open.
During World War II, data gleaned from their intensive research on the detectors used in radar
systems, led Bell Telephone Laboratories to the invention of the transistor. This reliable little
device gained quick support as the new component for amplification. The death of the vacuum
tube seemed imminent as designers, scientists, and engineers reveled in the idea of replacing
large, fragile glass tubes with these small, solid-state devices.
However, there were (and still are) many serious listeners who realized that the sound pro-
duced by a “transistor” amplifier is significantly different from that produced by a tube ampli-
fier with identical design specifications. They considered the sound produced by these new
solid-state devices to be hard, brittle, and lifeless. It was determined that solid-state devices
produced a less musical set of harmonics than tubes. When pushed past their limits, they tend
to mute the tone and emphasize the distortion.
Tubes, on the other hand, produce a more musical set of harmonics, the intensity of which
can be controlled by the player. This characteristic adds warmth and definition to the sound
which has become the hallmark of tube amplifiers. When tubes are driven into clipping, the
harmonic overtones can be both sweet and pleasing or intense and penetrating, depending on
the musician’s musical taste and playing technique.
Over the years, application engineers have designed a number of outstanding solid-state
amplifiers that sound very, very good. Some use special circuitry which enables them to simu-
late the distortion characteristics of a tube amplifier. However, the tube amplifier, still held in
the highest esteem by many musicians, offers a classic “vintage” sound in a contemporary
market.
Tube Types And Usage:
Tube amplifiers are based primarily on two types of tubes – preamplifier tubes and power
tubes. The tubes used in preamplifiers (12AX7, 12AU7, 12AT7, etc.) are smaller than the
power tubes. These tubes amplify the signal from your instrument and shape the sound. They
are inherently microphonic (they can mechanically pick up and transmit external noises). Since
these tubes are used in the critical first stages of a tube amplifier’s circuitry, it is very impor-
tant to use high-quality, low noise/low microphonic tubes for this application. Although tubes
of this quality may be difficult to find and typically cost more than “off-the-shelf” tubes, the
improvement in performance is worth the investment.
Preamplifier tubes are also used to drive the power tubes. When used in this application, a
12AX7 will produce a more distorted tone than a 12AT7, which produces a clearer, sweeter
sound. A 12AU7 is even cleaner and brighter than a 12AT7, giving more definition to the
sound. (In some cases it is possible to change the sound by changing the type of preamp
and/or driver tubes. When making any modification to your equipment, it is highly recommend-
ed that you consult with a qualified service center.)
6
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
Important Information About Tubes and Tube Products (continued):
The power tubes are the largest tubes used in an amplifier. These tubes convert the low-level,
conditioned signal from the preamplifier into a level that is sufficient to drive the speakers.
There are several types of power tubes available, each of which offers a different perfor-
mance/sound characteristic. For example, the EL34 power tube produces a great classic rock
sound. When an EL34 is driven into distortion, it produces a unique sound (“crunch”). When
compared to the 6L6, the EL34 distorts more quickly, exhibits a “looser” low-end response
and produces more harmonics at mid and high frequencies (“creamier” sound). These differ-
ences become more noticeable at higher volumes.
The EL84 is similar to the EL34 but produces less output power. It can be easily driven into
distortion and is characterized by a smooth, sweet tone with excellent touch sensitivity.
6L6 tubes produce a big low-end thump and have a very good dynamic range. They offer a
more traditional “American Rock” sound. The 6V6 tubes produce a creamy sound with nice
distortion. On the other hand, the KT88 produces a big low-end but sounds more like an EL34
in the mid and high frequencies.
6550 power tubes are more rugged and stay cleaner-sounding even at full power. When they
do distort, the sound produced is more solid and has a tighter low end; more of a “heavy
metal” type distortion with lots of power.
Some tubes are available in matched sets. These tubes have been extensively tested for opti-
mum performance and longevity.
The Nature Of Tubes — Why (And When) To Replace Them:
Tubes are made up of a number of fragile mechanical components that are vacuum-sealed in a
glass envelope or bubble. The tube’s longevity is based on a number of factors which include
how hard and often the amplifier is played, vibration from the speakers, road travel, repeated
set up and tear down, etc.
Any time you notice a change in your amplifier’s performance, check the tubes first.
If it’s been a while since the tubes were replaced and the sound from your amplifier lacks
punch, fades in and out, loses highs or lows or produces unusual sounds, the power tubes
probably need to be replaced. If your amplifier squeals, makes noise, loses gain, starts to
hum, lacks “sensitivity”, or feels as if it is working against you, the preamplifier tubes may
need to be replaced.
The power tubes are subjected to considerably more stress than the preamplifier tubes.
Consequently, they almost always fail/degrade first. If deteriorating power tubes aren’t
replaced they will ultimately fail. Depending on the failure mode, they may even cause severe
damage to the audio output transformer and/or other components in the amplifier. Replacing
the tubes before they fail completely has the potential to save you time, money and unwanted
trouble. Since power tubes work together in an amplifier, it is crucial that they (if there is more
than one) be replaced by a matched set. If you’re on the road a lot, we recommend that you
carry a spare matched set of replacement power tubes and their associated driver tubes.
After turning off the power and disconnecting the amplifier from the power source, carefully
check the tubes (in bright light) for cracks or white spots inside the glass or any other appar-
ent damage. Then, with the power on, view the tubes in a dark room. Look for preamplifier
tubes that do not glow at all or power tubes that glow excessively red.
7
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
Important Information About Tubes and Tube Products (continued):
Whenever you replace the power tube(s):
• Always have the amplifier’s bias voltage checked by a qualified service center. Improper
bias voltage will cause degradation in performance and possibly damage the tubes and/or
the amplifier. (See “The Importance of Proper Biasing”, below for more information).
• We highly recommend that you replace the driver tube(s) as well. The driver tube deter-
mines the shape and amplitude of the signal applied to the power tube(s) and has to work
almost as hard as the power tube(s).
You can check your preamplifier tubes for microphonics by turning the amplifier on, turning up
the gain and tapping lightly on each tube with the end of a pencil or a chop stick (my favorite).
You will be able to hear the tapping through your speakers, which is normal. It is not normal
for a tube to ring like a bell after it’s tapped. If it does ring then it’s microphonic and should be
replaced. Remember to use only high quality, low microphonic tubes in the preamplifier section.
Even though power tubes are rarely microphonic, you should check them anyway. The power
tubes can be checked for microphonics just like pre-amp tubes.
In the case of very high gain amps, you may be able to reduce the amount of noise generated
by simply swapping the preamp tubes around.
The Importance Of Proper Biasing:
For the best performance and longest tube life, proper biasing is imperative. Bias is the nega-
tive voltage which is applied to the power tube’s control grid to set the level of idle current.
We cannot over emphasize the difference in warmth of tone and dynamic response that come
with proper biasing. If the bias is set too high (over biased), the sound from the amp will be
distorted at all levels. If the bias is set too low, (under biased) the power tubes will run hot (the
plates inside the tubes may glow red due to excessive heat) and the sound from the amplifier
will lack power and punch. The excessive heat greatly reduces tube life – from a few days to
as little as a few hours in extreme cases. Setting the bias on your amp is like setting the idle
on your car. If it’s too high or hot it’s running away with you and if it’s too low or cold it will
choke when you step on it.
The bias is adjusted at the factory in accordance with the type of power tube(s) installed in
your amplifier. It is important to point out that tubes of the same type and specification typi-
cally exhibit different performance characteristics. Consequently, whenever power tubes are
replaced, the bias voltage must be checked (unless the amplifier is equipped with “self-biasing”
circuitry) and readjusted to accommodate the operating parameters of the replacement tubes.
Depending on the model and amplifier type, there may be hum balance controls, trim pots, or
bias adjustment controls on its rear panel. However, the bias adjustment should be performed
only by qualified service personnel with the proper, calibrated test equipment.
8
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V50-112 Tube Guitar Amplifier with Reverb
Important Information About Tubes and Tube Products (continued):
Survival Tips For Tube Amplifiers:
To prolong tube life, observe these tips and recommendations:
• Match the impedance of your speaker cabinet(s) to your amplifier. Improper impedance
matching will contribute to early tube degradation and may cause premature tube failure.
• Make sure the speaker(s) are properly connected prior to turning on the amplifier.
• After playing the amplifier, allow sufficient time for it to properly cool down prior to moving
it. A properly cooled amplifier prolongs tube life due to the internal components being less
susceptible to the damage caused by vibration.
• Allow the amplifier to warm up to room temperature before turning it on. The heat gener-
ated by the tube elements can crack a cold glass housing.
• Replace the output tube(s) before the performance degrades or the tubes fail completely.
Replace the tube(s) on a regular basis (at least once per year or as often as every 4 to 6
months if you play long and hard every day).
• Always have the bias checked after replacing the output tubes (unless the amplifier is
equipped with “selfbiasing circuitry”). This should be done ONLY at a qualified service
center. Improper biasing could result in the tubes running too hot, which greatly reduces
the life of the tubes – or too cold, which results in distorted sound regardless of level
settings. Do not play the amplifier if it exhibits these symptoms – get the bias checked/
adjusted immediately to prevent tube failure and/or other damage.
• If the locating notch on the base of a power tube breaks off, replace the tube. This signifi-
cantly reduces the risk of damaging your amplifier by incorrectly inserting the tube.
• Protect the amplifier from dust and moisture. If liquid gets into the amplifier proper, or
if the amplifier is dropped or otherwise mechanically abused, have it checked out at an
authorized service center before using it.
• Proper maintenance and cleaning in combination with routine checkups by your authorized
service center will insure the best performance and longest life from your amplifier.
CAUTION: Tube replacement should be performed only by qualified service personnel
who are familiar with the dangers of hazardous voltages that are typically present in
tube circuitry.
9
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